8+ Best 16 ft Baseboard at Home Depot (Deals!)


8+ Best 16 ft Baseboard at Home Depot (Deals!)

Baseboard trim, usually bought in prolonged lengths for ease of set up, serves as a protecting and aesthetic ingredient the place partitions meet the ground. Such trim obtainable at main residence enchancment retailers in 16-foot sections minimizes the variety of seams required for lengthy partitions, contributing to a cleaner, extra skilled end. A typical software would contain utilizing one of these molding alongside the perimeter of a front room to cowl the joint between the wall and flooring.

Using lengthy baseboard sections provides a number of benefits. Fewer seams translate to decreased labor associated to slicing and becoming a member of shorter items. This additionally lowers the possibilities of seen imperfections and potential areas for mud accumulation or moisture penetration. Traditionally, longer lengths have been much less frequent, resulting in extra advanced installations. The provision of prolonged lengths streamlines the method and may contribute to vital time and value financial savings on bigger initiatives.

The next dialogue will discover the fabric composition, profile choices, set up methods, and value issues related to deciding on and using this extended-length molding. Moreover, steerage shall be supplied on transporting, dealing with, and storing these supplies to make sure optimum efficiency and longevity.

1. Materials Varieties

The collection of materials considerably influences the sturdiness, aesthetics, and value of sixteen-foot baseboard obtainable at residence enchancment retailers. The properties of every materials dictate its suitability for particular purposes and environments.

  • Medium-Density Fiberboard (MDF)

    MDF provides a clean, constant floor superb for portray. It’s usually extra inexpensive than strong wooden and resists warping and splitting. Nevertheless, MDF is inclined to moisture harm and isn’t appropriate to be used in damp environments similar to bogs or basements. Its uniform density simplifies slicing and shaping, making it a preferred alternative for intricate profile designs. For instance, in a dry front room, MDF baseboard offers an aesthetically pleasing and cost-effective answer.

  • Stable Wooden (Pine, Oak, Poplar)

    Stable wooden baseboard provides superior sturdiness and moisture resistance in comparison with MDF. Pine is a typical, cost-effective softwood, whereas oak offers higher hardness and a extra pronounced grain sample. Poplar is a flexible hardwood recognized for its clean floor and acceptance of paint. Stable wooden expands and contracts with adjustments in humidity, requiring cautious set up to keep away from gaps or warping. In a house with frequent humidity fluctuations, strong wooden is most popular as a result of its long-term stability.

  • Polymer/Plastic

    Polymer or plastic baseboard offers glorious moisture resistance and is right for bogs, kitchens, and basements. It’s usually costlier than MDF however provides superior sturdiness in moist environments. Polymer baseboard is proof against rot, bugs, and mildew, making it a long-lasting choice. It may be minimize and put in utilizing customary woodworking instruments. For a basement reworking undertaking the place moisture is a priority, polymer baseboard provides a dependable and low-maintenance answer.

  • Finger-Jointed Pine

    Finger-jointed pine consists of brief items of pine joined along with a finger-like interlocking sample. This course of creates longer, steady boards which can be much less vulnerable to warping than strong pine. Finger-jointed pine is commonly primed, prepared for portray. It provides a stability of affordability and sturdiness. This kind is ceaselessly used when an extended, paint-grade baseboard is required at a reasonable value level.

The collection of the suitable materials, contemplating the atmosphere and aesthetic objectives, is essential when buying sixteen-foot baseboard from a retail provider. Evaluating the professionals and cons of every materials ensures a passable final result by way of each look and longevity. For example, whereas MDF is likely to be superb for a front room, polymer is best suited for a loo to face up to greater moisture ranges.

2. Profile Kinds

Profile kinds characterize the ornamental form of baseboard trim and considerably affect the general aesthetic of a room. The variability obtainable from main retailers in sixteen-foot lengths permits for cohesive design selections throughout bigger areas, minimizing the necessity for sample matching at joints.

  • Colonial

    Colonial profiles, characterised by their layered, ornate designs, evoke a conventional aesthetic. These profiles usually characteristic a collection of curves and moldings, including depth and visible curiosity to a room. Set up in a home with current colonial structure reinforces the established model. Nevertheless, the intricate design may be tougher to scrub and should not go well with minimalist design schemes. Retail availability in prolonged lengths ensures stylistic consistency throughout lengthy partitions.

  • Trendy/Minimalist

    Trendy or minimalist profiles emphasize clear traces and ease. Typically that includes a flat floor with a slight bevel or rounded edge, these profiles combine seamlessly into up to date areas. The unadorned design minimizes visible muddle and permits different architectural parts to take priority. The benefit of cleansing and set up are notable benefits. When buying these profiles in sixteen-foot lengths, the shortage of advanced particulars simplifies the slicing and becoming a member of course of, whereas sustaining a streamlined look.

  • Craftsman

    Craftsman profiles mirror a mode characterised by its sturdy, easy design. Widespread options embody clear, geometric shapes, usually with a squared or barely beveled edge. The emphasis is on performance and understated magnificence. Utilizing this model in properties with craftsman detailing creates a unified look. The simplicity of the design makes it comparatively simple to chop and set up, and the supply of prolonged lengths reduces the variety of joints, contributing to a cleaner, extra cohesive look alongside prolonged partitions.

  • Ogee

    The Ogee profile presents a swish, S-shaped curve. Its softer traces introduce a contact of magnificence and class to interiors. This profile bridges the hole between conventional and trendy kinds, providing a flexible alternative for varied design themes. It pairs effectively with a variety of decor, lending a refined look. When sourced in sixteen-foot lengths, its steady, flowing kind minimizes visible interruptions, which boosts the room’s seamless and polished ambiance. The Ogees curvature necessitates cautious slicing and set up to keep up aesthetic continuity.

The selection of profile model, coupled with the supply of sixteen-foot lengths, offers a big benefit in reaching a desired aesthetic with minimal seams and constant detailing. Issues similar to architectural model, room dimension, and private preferences ought to information the choice course of, guaranteeing a cohesive and visually interesting final result. The prolonged lengths contribute to an expert end by minimizing the visibility of joints, whatever the chosen profile.

3. Set up Strategies

The methodology employed for putting in sixteen-foot baseboard considerably impacts the ultimate look, structural integrity, and longevity of the trim. Correct methods are important to mitigating points related to the size and inherent properties of the fabric, no matter the place it’s sourced.

  • Chopping and Mitering

    Exact slicing is paramount, particularly when coping with sixteen-foot lengths. Miter cuts, used for creating seamless corners, should be correct to inside a fraction of a level. An influence miter noticed geared up with a pointy blade is crucial for reaching clear cuts and stopping splintering, notably with MDF baseboard. Inaccurate cuts end in unpleasant gaps and require extra filler or caulking, compromising the aesthetic. Contemplate a situation the place a 45-degree miter minimize is off by only one diploma; this error is amplified over the size of the minimize, resulting in a visual misalignment on the nook. The dimensional stability of the baseboard materials drastically impacts the precision and ease of slicing, whether or not it is strong wooden or MDF.

  • Fastening Methods

    Correct fastening ensures the baseboard stays securely connected to the wall over time. The commonest methodology entails utilizing a nail gun with end nails. The nail size should be enough to penetrate the baseboard and drywall, reaching the wall stud behind. Inadequate nail size ends in the baseboard pulling away from the wall. For concrete partitions, building adhesive together with masonry nails or screws is required. Evenly spaced fasteners, usually each 12 to 16 inches, forestall bowing or warping, notably with longer sixteen-foot sections. When putting in baseboard over uneven partitions, shims behind the trim could also be essential to create a flush look. Ignoring this step results in a wavy, unprofessional end.

  • Seam Concealment

    Whereas sixteen-foot lengths cut back the variety of seams, they’re usually unavoidable in bigger rooms. Concealing these seams successfully is essential for a refined look. A mixture of wooden filler and paintable caulk is usually used to fill any gaps or imperfections. The filler should be utilized easily and sanded flush with the floor of the baseboard. Paintable caulk is then utilized alongside the seam to create a versatile, waterproof seal. Failure to correctly fill and caulk the seams ends in seen traces and potential factors of moisture intrusion. Colour-matching the filler and caulk to the baseboard paint is crucial for a seamless mix. In situations the place a seam happens in a heavy-traffic space, think about using a shawl joint an angled overlapping minimize to reduce the visible affect.

  • Dealing with and Help

    Attributable to their size, 16-foot baseboards are vulnerable to bending or breaking if not dealt with and supported accurately throughout set up. When transporting, make sure the baseboards are totally supported alongside their size to forestall sagging. Throughout set up, particularly when working alone, utilizing momentary helps like braces or props can preserve the baseboard aligned whereas fastening it to the wall. Neglecting this may result in uneven mounting and even harm to the baseboard if it falls or is bent through the course of.

Profitable set up of sixteen-foot baseboard hinges on meticulous consideration to element and the collection of applicable methods. Whereas the prolonged size provides the benefit of fewer seams, it additionally calls for higher precision in slicing, fastening, and dealing with. By addressing these components, a home-owner or contractor can obtain a professional-looking outcome that enhances the aesthetic of the area and stands the check of time.

4. Price Comparability

The financial analysis of sixteen-foot baseboard sourced from main residence enchancment retailers is a essential step in undertaking planning. Price comparability entails assessing the overall expenditure, encompassing not solely the unit value of the baseboard but additionally related bills similar to transportation, slicing instruments, fasteners, adhesives, and ending supplies. Retailers like Residence Depot usually supply baseboard in varied supplies and profiles, every exhibiting a definite value level. For instance, sixteen-foot MDF baseboard will usually be extra economical than a comparable size of strong oak baseboard. Failing to conduct a radical price evaluation can result in funds overruns and compromised undertaking outcomes. The provision of longer baseboard sections might cut back labor prices as a result of fewer cuts and joins, which, in flip, impacts the general undertaking funds.

A complete price comparability should additionally take into account the long-term implications of fabric alternative. Whereas a decrease preliminary value is likely to be enticing, the lifecycle price, together with upkeep and substitute, may very well be considerably greater. For example, MDF baseboard, whereas inexpensive initially, is inclined to moisture harm and should require extra frequent substitute in damp environments, finally rising the overall price of possession. Conversely, whereas strong wooden baseboard carries a better upfront value, its enhanced sturdiness and resistance to moisture may end up in decrease long-term upkeep and substitute prices. Furthermore, the price of set up varies with the complexity of the profile, as extra intricate designs demand extra time and talent, affecting labor bills.

In abstract, a rigorous price comparability when buying sixteen-foot baseboard entails analyzing materials costs, related bills, and lifecycle issues. This evaluation informs the collection of essentially the most cost-effective choice that aligns with undertaking necessities and budgetary constraints. Disregarding this step can result in unexpected monetary burdens and doubtlessly compromise the undertaking’s high quality. Moreover, the financial analysis ought to account for the potential financial savings in labor arising from using longer baseboard sections, contributing to a well-informed decision-making course of.

5. Transportation Wants

The acquisition of sixteen-foot baseboard from a house enchancment retailer necessitates cautious consideration of transportation logistics. The prolonged size presents a novel problem, as customary passenger automobiles usually lack the capability to soundly and legally accommodate such supplies. Failure to deal with transportation wants may end up in product harm, security hazards, and potential authorized ramifications associated to improper automobile loading.

Transportation choices usually embody the utilization of a pickup truck, cargo van, or trailer. Rental companies could also be required if the purchaser doesn’t personal an acceptable automobile. Securing the baseboard correctly inside the transport automobile is essential. This will likely contain utilizing tie-down straps, rope, or specialised cargo carriers to forestall shifting or harm throughout transit. Neglecting to adequately safe the load poses a big danger to different motorists and may result in expensive harm to the baseboard itself. For instance, unsecured baseboard protruding from a automobile might strike one other automobile or pedestrian, leading to critical harm or property harm. Many residence enchancment retailers supply supply companies for outsized objects, which offers a handy, albeit doubtlessly costlier, various to self-transportation.

Understanding and addressing the transportation wants related to sixteen-foot baseboard is an integral element of the general buy and set up course of. Correct planning and execution mitigate dangers and make sure the protected and environment friendly switch of supplies from the purpose of buy to the undertaking website. Overlooking this facet can result in logistical problems, elevated bills, and potential security hazards, finally detracting from the success of the undertaking. Supply companies or renting a truck can be extra advantageous for residence house owners due to the legal responsibility the house proprietor take when transporting.

6. Chopping Methods

The profitable utilization of sixteen-foot baseboard acquired from residence enchancment retailers is intrinsically linked to the employed slicing methods. The prolonged size of those boards, whereas advantageous in lowering seams, necessitates exact and correct cuts to make sure correct becoming and aesthetic enchantment. Insufficient slicing strategies instantly end in seen gaps, misaligned corners, and a compromised last look. For example, making an attempt to chop MDF baseboard with a boring blade could cause splintering and a ragged edge, negating the advantages of its clean, paintable floor. Consequently, the funding in high quality slicing instruments and the mastery of elementary slicing methods turn out to be indispensable parts of any baseboard set up undertaking involving these prolonged supplies.

The collection of applicable slicing instruments is paramount. An influence miter noticed geared up with a pointy, fine-toothed blade is mostly really useful for reaching clear, correct cuts, particularly when working with advanced profile shapes. Using a miter noticed permits for exact angle changes, important for creating seamless corners with mitered joints. Moreover, cautious measurement and marking are essential earlier than making any minimize. Even slight inaccuracies in measurement can accumulate over the size of the baseboard, resulting in vital becoming points. Clamping the baseboard securely to the noticed’s fence prevents motion through the slicing course of, guaranteeing a constant and exact minimize. For instance, when putting in baseboard in a room with barely out-of-square corners, adjusting the miter noticed angle by even half a level could make a considerable distinction within the last match and look.

In conclusion, the connection between slicing methods and the profitable set up of sixteen-foot baseboard is plain. Correct cuts, achieved by way of using correct instruments and meticulous measurement, are elementary to realizing the supposed aesthetic and useful advantages of those longer boards. Whereas the prolonged size reduces the variety of seams, it additionally magnifies the affect of any slicing errors. Mastering these methods minimizes waste, ensures an expert end, and finally contributes to the general success of the house enchancment undertaking. Understanding the challenges posed by the board’s size and addressing them with talent and precision interprets instantly into a better high quality outcome.

7. Portray/Ending

Portray and ending processes are integral to the profitable set up of sixteen-foot baseboard sourced from main retailers. These processes instantly affect the aesthetic enchantment, sturdiness, and longevity of the trim. Correct floor preparation and the appliance of applicable coatings are essential for reaching an expert and lasting outcome.

  • Floor Preparation

    Thorough floor preparation is a foundational step. This entails cleansing the baseboard to take away dust, mud, and any manufacturing residues. Sanding could also be essential to clean imperfections, notably with MDF baseboard, and to create an acceptable floor for paint adhesion. Priming is commonly really useful to seal the fabric, enhance paint protection, and improve the bond between the baseboard and the paint. Skipping correct floor preparation results in uneven paint software, poor adhesion, and untimely peeling or chipping.

  • Paint Choice

    The selection of paint considerably impacts the ultimate look and sturdiness of the baseboard. Latex-based paints are generally used as a result of their ease of software, low odor, and sturdiness. Oil-based paints supply superior hardness and resistance to abrasion however require longer drying instances and extra advanced cleanup. Semi-gloss or gloss finishes are sometimes most popular for baseboard as a result of their sturdiness and ease of cleansing. A matte end could also be used to reduce imperfections, however it’s much less proof against scuffing. Choosing the proper paint sort and end ensures each aesthetic enchantment and long-term efficiency.

  • Utility Methods

    Correct software methods are essential for reaching a clean, even end. A number of skinny coats of paint are preferable to a single thick coat, as this minimizes drips, runs, and brushstrokes. Utilizing high-quality brushes or rollers designed for trim work ensures a uniform software. Cautious consideration to element round corners and edges is crucial for an expert look. When spraying paint, correct air flow and masking are essential to keep away from overspray and guarantee a clear, even end. Making use of paint in a managed atmosphere optimizes drying circumstances and minimizes imperfections.

  • Sealing and Safety

    Making use of a transparent sealant or topcoat over the painted baseboard offers extra safety towards moisture, scratches, and scuffs. That is notably vital in high-traffic areas or in environments with excessive humidity. A sealant additionally enhances the sturdiness of the paint end, extending its lifespan. Correct sealing contributes to the long-term aesthetic enchantment and useful efficiency of the baseboard. Failure to seal can result in untimely put on and tear, necessitating extra frequent repainting or substitute.

In abstract, the portray and ending of sixteen-foot baseboard sourced from retailers just isn’t merely a beauty step however a essential course of that determines its longevity and aesthetic high quality. The collection of applicable supplies, meticulous floor preparation, correct software methods, and protecting sealing are all important parts in reaching a sturdy and visually interesting outcome. Ignoring any of those components can compromise the whole set up, resulting in elevated upkeep prices and a diminished total look.

8. Storage Options

Efficient storage options are paramount when coping with sixteen-foot baseboard obtained from shops. The size of those boards presents distinctive storage challenges that, if unaddressed, can result in warping, harm, and compromised usability. Correct storage maintains the integrity of the fabric, guaranteeing it performs as supposed throughout set up. Insufficient storage contributes to materials waste and elevated undertaking prices.

  • Horizontal Help

    Horizontal assist is essential to stopping sagging or bending of sixteen-foot baseboard throughout storage. Boards must be stacked on a flat, stage floor with helps positioned at common intervals, ideally each 4 toes. The helps distribute the burden evenly, minimizing stress on any single level. For instance, storing baseboard on the ground with solely finish helps will nearly definitely end in warping over time. Ignoring horizontal assist results in irreversible harm and renders the baseboard unusable for its supposed goal.

  • Environmental Management

    Sustaining a steady atmosphere is crucial for preserving the integrity of saved baseboard. Fluctuations in temperature and humidity trigger enlargement and contraction, which may result in warping, cracking, or splitting. Baseboard must be saved in a dry, well-ventilated space away from direct daylight and excessive temperature variations. For example, storing baseboard in an uninsulated storage is inadvisable as a result of seasonal temperature adjustments and potential moisture publicity. Managed environmental circumstances make sure the dimensional stability of the fabric.

  • Safety from Bodily Injury

    Defending saved baseboard from bodily harm is critical to forestall scratches, dents, or breaks. Boards must be saved in a location the place they’re unlikely to be bumped or struck by different objects. Protecting the baseboard with a protecting materials, similar to plastic sheeting or cardboard, offers a further layer of safety towards floor harm. For instance, storing baseboard close to heavy equipment or in a heavy-traffic space will increase the chance of unintentional harm. Avoiding bodily harm preserves the aesthetic high quality and structural integrity of the baseboard.

  • Vertical Storage Issues

    Whereas horizontal storage is mostly most popular, vertical storage may be applied with correct precautions. When storing sixteen-foot baseboard vertically, it’s important to make sure the boards are totally supported from the bottom as much as forestall bending or tipping. The baseboard must be securely fixed to a wall or different steady construction to forestall it from falling over. Vertical storage requires cautious planning and execution to keep away from potential harm. Improperly supported vertical storage is a security hazard and may end up in vital materials waste.

In conclusion, the choice and implementation of applicable storage options instantly impacts the usability and longevity of sixteen-foot baseboard bought from retailers. Ample assist, environmental management, and safety from bodily harm are essential issues. Neglecting these elements ends in materials degradation and elevated undertaking prices. Prioritizing correct storage options is an important funding within the total success of any baseboard set up undertaking involving extended-length supplies. The chosen storage strategies also needs to accommodate the supposed ending course of, similar to pre-painting previous to set up.

Regularly Requested Questions

The next questions and solutions tackle frequent considerations and supply informational insights concerning the choice, buy, and utilization of sixteen-foot baseboard from a serious residence enchancment retailer.

Query 1: What supplies are usually obtainable for sixteen-foot baseboard at Residence Depot?

Widespread supplies embody Medium-Density Fiberboard (MDF), strong wooden (similar to pine or oak), finger-jointed pine, and varied polymers or plastics. The provision of particular supplies might differ relying on location and present stock.

Query 2: How does the size of sixteen-foot baseboard affect set up?

The prolonged size reduces the variety of seams required, resulting in a cleaner look and decreased labor. Nevertheless, it additionally necessitates higher precision in slicing and dealing with because of the board’s elevated flexibility and potential for harm throughout transport and set up.

Query 3: What are the transportation issues when buying sixteen-foot baseboard?

Commonplace passenger automobiles usually can not accommodate sixteen-foot lengths safely. A pickup truck, cargo van, or trailer could also be required. Alternatively, Residence Depot provides supply companies for a further charge. Securely fasten baseboards throughout transportation to forestall harm.

Query 4: Is sixteen-foot baseboard costlier than shorter lengths?

The worth per linear foot could also be similar to shorter lengths. Nevertheless, the overall price per board is of course greater. The general undertaking price could also be decreased as a result of much less slicing waste and decreased labor associated to seam ending. Conduct an entire price evaluation, factoring in materials, transportation, and labor bills.

Query 5: What are the very best practices for storing sixteen-foot baseboard previous to set up?

Retailer horizontally on a flat, stage floor with helps positioned each 4 toes to forestall sagging. Shield from moisture and excessive temperature fluctuations. Cowl with a protecting materials to forestall scratches or dents. Correct storage is crucial to sustaining the integrity of the baseboard.

Query 6: What slicing instruments are really useful for sixteen-foot baseboard?

An influence miter noticed geared up with a pointy, fine-toothed blade is really useful for reaching clear, correct cuts. A miter noticed permits exact angle changes for creating seamless corners. Correct measurement and clamping are important for minimizing errors.

These questions tackle frequent considerations and supply foundational information for people contemplating the acquisition and set up of sixteen-foot baseboard. Addressing these factors ensures a well-informed decision-making course of and a profitable undertaking final result.

The next part will delve into superior set up suggestions and troubleshooting methods.

Skilled Suggestions for Working with 16 ft Baseboard from Residence Depot

Efficiently managing and putting in extended-length baseboard requires particular information and methods. The next suggestions supply actionable recommendation for reaching skilled outcomes with this materials.

Tip 1: Pre-Planning is Important: Precisely measure the perimeter of the room and plan the structure to reduce seams. Order barely extra baseboard than calculated to account for slicing errors and waste. An in depth plan reduces pointless journeys to the retailer and optimizes materials utilization.

Tip 2: Make the most of a Cellular Noticed Station: Because of the size of the boards, a cell noticed station geared up with outfeed helps is extremely really useful. This permits for protected and correct cuts on-site, minimizing dealing with and potential harm. The helps preserve the board stage and stop sagging through the slicing course of.

Tip 3: Make use of a Two-Particular person Set up Group: The load and size of sixteen-foot baseboard makes solo set up difficult. A two-person workforce permits for simpler dealing with, exact alignment, and safe fastening. One individual can maintain the board in place whereas the opposite fastens it to the wall.

Tip 4: Deal with Correct Miter Cuts: Out-of-square corners require exact changes to miter noticed angles. Put money into a digital protractor or angle finder to precisely measure nook angles and modify the noticed accordingly. Take a look at cuts on scrap materials are suggested earlier than slicing the precise baseboard.

Tip 5: Pre-Drill Nail Holes: Pre-drilling nail holes, particularly when working with hardwoods, prevents splitting and permits for simpler nail placement. That is notably vital close to the ends of the boards. Use a drill bit barely smaller than the diameter of the end nails.

Tip 6: Use Building Adhesive Judiciously: Along with nails, apply a skinny bead of building adhesive to the again of the baseboard for added adhesion, particularly on uneven partitions. Apply adhesive sparingly to forestall extreme squeeze-out. Clear any extra adhesive instantly with a moist fabric.

Tip 7: Contemplate Again Priming: Earlier than set up, prime the again of the baseboard, notably whether it is MDF or if the wall is vulnerable to moisture. This protects the fabric from moisture absorption and helps forestall warping or swelling.

The following tips facilitate a extra environment friendly and efficient set up course of, leading to a higher-quality completed product. Cautious planning, correct instruments, and a focus to element are essential for fulfillment.

The next last part will summarize the important thing benefits and drawbacks of utilizing 16 ft baseboard from Residence Depot, culminating in sensible conclusion.

Conclusion

Sixteen-foot baseboard from a serious retail supply presents each alternatives and challenges. The prolonged size provides the potential for seamless installations and decreased labor prices. Nevertheless, transportation, dealing with, and exact slicing are essential issues. Materials choice, profile model, and set up methods instantly affect the ultimate look and longevity of the undertaking.

Cautious planning, adherence to finest practices, and a radical understanding of the related complexities are important for realizing the advantages of using this extended-length trim. In the end, the profitable incorporation of sixteen-foot baseboard hinges on a dedication to high quality and a focus to element, guaranteeing an enduring and aesthetically pleasing enhancement to any inside area. Potential purchasers ought to rigorously weigh the professionals and cons earlier than deciding if this product sort aligns with their abilities and undertaking necessities.